The Dunning-Kruger Effect

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The Dunning-Kruger effect is a cognitive bias where people with low ability at a task overestimate their ability, while those with high ability underestimate their own ability, leading to a lack of self-awareness and understanding of one’s own limitations.

• Tim Harford’s Cautionary Tales – The Dunning Kruger Hijack, and Other Criminally Stupid Acts
• Unskilled and Unaware of It: How Difficulties in Recognizing One’s Own Incompetence Lead to Inflated Self-Assessments
• We Are All Confident Idiots
• Revisiting why incompetents think they’re awesome
• Bad drivers don’t think they’re bad: What Twitter tells us about road rage
• The Dangers of Confidence